Macula Hole
Causes of a Macular Hole
A macular hole usually develops due to natural changes in the eye as we age. Over time, the vitreous—the clear, gel-like fluid that fills and shapes the eye—shrinks and begins to pull away from the retina in a process known as vitreous detachment. While this is a common part of aging, sometimes the vitreous remains firmly attached to the macula, exerting tension as it detaches. This pulling and stretching can lead to the formation of a macular hole.
How We Diagnose a Macular Hole
To diagnose a macular hole, your eye specialist will perform a test called optical coherence tomography (OCT). This painless procedure uses light waves to capture detailed images of your retina, providing a clear view of any abnormalities. Prior to the test, your eye doctor may use dilating drops to widen your pupil for a better view.
Macular Hole Treatment Options
If a macular hole is affecting your vision, a surgery called a vitrectomy is usually recommended to repair the hole and prevent further vision loss. In this procedure, the surgeon removes the vitreous and a thin layer of tissue on the macula's surface, then places a gas bubble inside the eye. This bubble acts as a temporary bandage, pressing the edges of the hole together to facilitate healing.
After surgery, you’ll need to limit activities and head movement to help keep the bubble in place as the hole heals. Your doctor will provide guidance on post-surgery recovery, including ways to reduce head movement. Avoid flying or using nitrous oxide (laughing gas) until the bubble has fully dissipated, as these can affect the eye pressure.
Early detection of a macular hole offers the best treatment outcomes, so if you notice any symptoms, reach out to your eye specialist promptly. Our Eye Specialist Dr. Michael Wei is a very experienced Medical Retina Eye Specialist who can discuss many options for you.